S. Singhal and M. Zyda, "Networked Virtual Environment - Design and Implementation", Addison-Wesley, July 1999.

Tutorial/Issues
M. Macedonia and M. Zyda, "A Taxonomy for Networked Virtual Environments", IEEE Multimedia, Volume 4, No. 1, January - March 1997, pp. 48-56.

Martin R. Stytz, "Distributed Virtual Environments", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, May 1996, pp. 19-31.

H. Fisher, "Multicast Issues for Collaborative Virtual Environments," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, September-October 2002, pp.68-75.

K. Morse, L. Bic, and M. Dillencourt, "Interest Management in Large-Scale Virtual Environments", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2000, pp.52-68.

M. Capps, and D. Stotts, "Research Issues in Developing Networked Virtual Realities:
Working Group Report on Distributed System Aspects of Sharing a Virtual Reality",
Sixth Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises
(WET-ICE'97), Cambridge, MA, June 18-20, 1997, pp.205-211.

Protocols

DWTP

Wolfgang Broll, "DWTP-An Internet Protocol For Shared Virtual Environments", VRML 98 Monterey CA USA

VRTP

D. Brutzman, M. Zyda, K. Watsen, and M. Macedonia, "Virtual reality transfer protocol (vrtp) design rationale", WET ICE'97, Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 18-20, 1997.

GAIA

Dong-il Ko, and Yanghee Choi, "Design of network protocols for distributed virtual environments", IEEE Multimedia Computing and Systems, Vol.2, 1999, pp.408-413.

Application level multicast

M. Hosseini, N. Georganas, "End System Multicast Protocol for Collaborative Virtual Environments", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 13(3), 2004, pp.263-278.

Articles/Journals

S. Benford, C Greenhalgh, T. Rodden, and J. Pycock, "Collaborative Virtual Environments", COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM, Vol. 44, No. 7, July 2001.

"Networked Virtual Environments", IEEE Communications, Vol. 42, No. 4, April 2004.

Special issues on "Advances in Collaborative Virtual Environments", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 13, No. 3, June 2004.

Multiple servers in NVE

J. Huang, Y. Du, and C. Wang, "Design of the Server Cluster to Support Avatar Migration", IEEE VR2003,  Los Angeles, USA, March, 2003, pp.7-14.

W. Cai, P. Xavier, S. Turner, and B. Lee, "A Scalable Architecture for Supporting Interactive Games on the Internet", Proceedings of the sixteenth workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation, ACM, Washington, D.C., May 2002, pp.60-67.

J. Lűthi and S. Großmann, "The Resource Sharing System: Dynamic Federate Mapping for HLA-based Distributed Simulation", Proceedings of the fifteenth workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation, ACM, Lake Arrowhead, California, United States, 2001, pp.91-98.

W. Cai, S. Turner, and H. Zhao, "A Load Management System for Running HLA-based Distributed Simulations over the Grid", Proceedings of the sixth IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications (DS-RT'02), Fort Worth, Texas, USA, October 11-13, 2002, pp.7-14.

Load balancing in NVE

P. Morillo, J. Orduna, M. Fernandez, and J. Duato, "Improving the Performance of Distributed Virtual Environment Systems," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.16, No.7, July 2005, pp.637-649.

K. Lee, B. Ko, and S. Calo, "Adaptive server selection for large scale interactive online games," Computer Networks, Vol.49, No.1, May 2005, pp.84-102.

Peter T.S. Tam, "Communication cost optimization and analysis in Distributed Virtual Envrionment", M Phil second term paper, Room 1026 Technical report RM1026-TR98-0412.

John C.S. Lui, M.F. Chan, K.Y. So, and T.S. Tam, "Balancing Workload and Communication Cost for a Distributed Virtual Environment", Multimedia Information Systems, September 24-26, 1998.

John C.S. Lui, M.F. Chan, K.Y. So, and T.S. Tam, "Dynamic partitioning for a Distributed Virtual Environment", High Performance Computing Asia Conference(HPC Asia'98), 1998.

J. Lui, and M. Chan, "An Efficient Partitioning Algorithm for Distributed Virtual Environment Systems", IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol 13, No. 3, March 2002, pp.193-211.

M. HORI, T. ISERI, K. FUJIKAWA, S. SHIMOJO, and H. MIYAHARA, "Scalability Issues of Dynamic Space Management for Multiple-Server Networked Virtual Environments", IEEE PACRIM'01, August, 2001. (CittaTron System)

K. Saar, "VIRTUS: A Collaborative Multi-User Platform", VRML99, Paderborn, German, 1999, pp.141-152.

S. Pekkola, M. Robinson, M. Saarinen, J. Korhonen, S. Hujala, and T. Toivonen, "Collaborative Virtual Environments in the Year of the Dragon", CVE2000, San Francisco, USA, September 10-12, 2000, pp.11-18.

T. G. de Senna Carneiro and J. N. Cotrim Arabe, "Load Balancing for Distributed Virtual Reality Systems", Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Computer Graphics, Image Processing, and Vision (SIBGRAPI'98), 20-23 October, 1998, pp.158-165.

H. Sugano, K. Otani, H. Ueda, S. Hiraiwa, S. Endo, and Y. Kohda, "SpaceFusion: A Multi-Server Architecture For Shared Virtual Environments", VRML97, Feb, 1997, pp. 51-58.

S. Mantler, and D. Schmalstieg, "Dynamic Load Balancing in Distributed Virtual Environments", TR-186-2-98-13, Vienna Austria, 1998.

Related to traffic analysis in multi-user game and NVE

Jaecheol Kim, Eunsil Hong, and Yanghee Choi, "Measurement and Analysis of a Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game Traffic," Advanced Network Conference (Network Research Workshop), Busan, Korea, August 2003.

T. Henderson and S. Bhatti, "Modeling user behaviour in networked games," Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia, Ottawa, Canada, September 30-October 5, 2001, pp.212-220.

Wu-chang Feng, F. Chang, Wu-chi Feng, and J. Walpole, "Provisioning On-line Games: A Traffic Analysis of a Busy Counter-Strike Server," Internet Measurement Workshop, 2002.

D. LaPointe and J. Winslow, "Analyzing and Simulating Network Game Traffic," Major Qualifying Project Report, MQP-MLC-NG01, Computer Science Department, Fall 2001.

C. Greenhalgh, S. Benford, and A. Bullock, "Predicting Network Traffic for Collaborative Virtual Environments," Proceedings of the TERENA Networking Conference, Dresden, 5-8 October, 1998.

C. Greenhalgh, A. Bullock, J. Tromp, and S. Benford, "Evaluating the Network and Usability Characteristics of Virtual Reality Conferencing," The British Telecom Technology Journal (BTTJ), Special Issue on Shared Spaces, 15(4), October 1997.

Related to multi-user game

B. Knutsson, H. Lu, W. Xu, and B. Hopkins, "Peer-to-peer support for massively multiplayer games," INFOCOM2004, Hongkong, China, 7-11 March 2004.

A. Shaikh, S. Sahu, M. Rosu, M. Shea, and D. Saha, "Implementation of a Service Platform for Online Games," ACM SIGCOMM 2004 workshop on NetGames '04: Network and system support for games, Portland, Oregon USA, August 30-September 3, 2004, pp.106-110.

P. Okanda and G. Blair, "OpenPING: A Reflective Middleware for the Construction of Adaptive Networked Game Applications," ACM SIGCOMM 2004 workshop on NetGames '04: Network and system support for games, Portland, Oregon USA, August 30-September 3, 2004, pp.111-115.

S. Hu and G. Liao, "Scalable Peer-to-Peer Networked Virtual Environment," ACM SIGCOMM 2004 workshop on NetGames '04: Network and system support for games, Portland, Oregon USA, August 30-September 3, 2004, pp.129-133.

T. Limura, H. Hazeyama, and Y. Kadobayashi, "Zoned Federation of Game Servers: a Peer-to-peer Approach to Scalable Multi-player Online Games," ACM SIGCOMM 2004 workshop on NetGames '04: Network and system support for games, Portland, Oregon USA, August 30-September 3, 2004, pp.116-120.

A.R. Bharambe, S. Rao, and S. Seshan, "Mercury: A Scalable Publish-Subscribe System for Internet Games", Workshop on Network and System Support for Games(NetGames2002), Braunschweig, Germany, April, 2002, pp.3-9.

Related to online game with multiple servers

B. Ng, A. Si, R.W.H. Lau, and F.W.B. Li, "A Multi-Server Architecture for Distributed Virtual Walkthrough", ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Hong Kong, China, November, 2002, pp.163-170.

E. Cronin, B. Filstrup, A.R. Kurc, and S. Jamin, "An Efficient Synchronization Mechanism for Mirrored Game Architectures", Workshop on Network and System Support for Games(NetGames2002), Braunschweig, Germany, April, 2002, pp.67-73.

D. Bauer, S. Rooney, and P. Scotton, "Network Infrastructure for Massively Distributed Games", Workshop on Network and System Support for Games(NetGames2002), Braunschweig, Germany, April, 2002, pp.36-43.

J. Smed, T. Kaukoranta, and H. Hakonen, "Aspects of Networking in Multiplayer Computer Games", International Conference on Application and Development of Computer Games in the 21st Century, Hong Kong SAR, China, November, 2001, pp.74-81.

L. Aarhus, K. Holmqvist, and M. Kirkengen, "Generalized Two-Tier Relevance Filtering of Computer Game Update Events", Workshop on Network and System Support for Games(NetGames2002), Braunschweig, Germany, April, 2002, pp.10-13.

Networks for NVEs

J. Leigh, O. Yu, D. Schonfeld, R. Ansari, E. He, A. Nayak, J. Ge, N. Krishnaprasad, K. Park, Y. Cho, L. Hu, R. Fang, A. Verlo, L. Winkler, T. DeFanti, "Adaptive Networking for Tele-Immersion," Immersive Projection Technology/Eurographics Virtual Environments (IPT/EGVE), Stuttgart, Germany, May 2001.

Network level filtering

Oliveira, M., Crowcroft, J., & Diot, C. (2000). Router Level Filtering for Receiver Interest Delivery. Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Networked Group Communication, 141-150.

Levine, B, Crowcroft, J., Diot, C., Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J., & Kurose, J. (2000). Consideration of Receiver Interest for IP Multicast Delivery. Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Communication, 470-479.

Language

Carey, R., Bell, G., & Marrin, C. (2001). The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) - Part 2: External authoring interface (EAI). ISO/IEC 14772-2. Retrieved November 6, 2004, from
http://www.web3d.org/x3d/specifications/vrml/ISO_IEC_14772-All

Systems

AVIARY

West, A.J., Howard, T.L.J., Hubbold, R.J., Murta, A.D., Snowdon, D.N. & Butler, D.A. AVIARY - a generic virtual reality interface for real applications. Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, UK. Wolfram, S. (1988) Mathematica: a system for doing mathematics by computer. AddisonWesley.

Snowdon, D.N., and West, A.J., The AVIARY VR System: A Prototype Implementation, 6th ERCIM Workshop, June 1994, Stockholm.

Bamboo

K. Watsen, and M. Zyda, "Bamboo - A Portable System for Dynamically Extensible, Real-Time, Networked, Virtual Environments", IEEE VRAIS'98, Atlanta, Georgia, 1998, pp. 252-259.

K.Watsen, and M. Zyda, "Bamboo - Supporting Dynamic Protocols for Virtual Environments", IMAGE'98, Scottsdale, Arizona, 1998.

BrickNet

G. Singh et al, "BrickNet: a software toolkit for network-based virtual worlds",
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 3(1), winter, 1994, pp. 19-34.

Broll's approaches

W. Broll, "Distributed Virtual Reality for for Everyone-a Framework for Networked VR on the Internet", in Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1997 (VRAIS'97), March 1-5, Albuquerque, NM.

Broll, W., "Interaction and Behavior Support for Multi-User Virtual Environments", In Proceedings of the ACM SIVE'95 - first Workshop on Simulation and Interation in Virtual Environments. Iowa City, University of Iowa/ACM (July 1995), pp 246-264

Broll W., "Interacting in Distributed Collaborative Virtual Environments", In Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium - VRAIS'95. Los alamitos, Ca.,(March 1995), IEEE Computer Society Press, 148-155

CAVERNsoft

J. Leigh, A. Johnson, and T. DeFanti, "Issues in the design of a flexible distributed architecture for supporting persistence and interoperability in collaborative virtual enviroinments," Supercomputing'97, San Jose, California, November 15-21, 1997.

J. Leigh, A. Johnson, and T.A. Defanti, "CAVERN: A Distributed Architecture for Supporting Scalable Persistence and Interoperability in Collaborative Virtual Environments," Virtual Reality: Research, Development and Applications, 2(2), 1997, pp.217-237.

K. Park, Y.J. Cho, N. Krishnaprasad, C. Scharver, M. Lewis, J. Leigh, and A. Johnson, "CAVERNsoft G2: a Toolkit for High Performance Tele-Immersive Collaboration," ACM VRST'00, Seoul Korea, 2000.

Community Place

Rodger Lea, Yasuaki Honda, Kouichi Matsuda, Satoru Matsuda, "Community Place: Architecture and Performance", VRML 97, Monterey CA USA

Rodger Lea, Yasuaki Honda, Kouichi Matsuda, "Virtual Society: Collaboration in 3D spaces on the Internet", Computer Supported Cooperative Work: The Journal of Collaborative Computing 6, 1997, pp.227-250.

DIVE

Emmanuel Frecon, Gareth Smith, Anthony Steed, Marten Stenius, and Olov Stahl, "An Overview of the COVEN Platform", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 10(1), February 2001, pp.109-127.

Chris Greenhalgh, Adrain Bullock, Emmanuel Frecon, David Lloyd, and Anthony Steed, "Making Networked Virtual Environments Work", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 10(2), April 2001, pp.142-159.

Emmanuel Frecon, and Marten Stenius, "DIVE: A scaleable network architecture for distributed virtual environments", Distributed Systems Engineering Journal (DSEJ), 5, 1998, pp. 91-100.O. Hagsnad, "Interactive Multiuser VEs in the DIVE system", IEEE Multimedia, Spring 1996.

Carlson, C., and Hagsand, O., "DIVE - A Multi-User Virtual Reality System", IEEE VRAIS, Seattle, USA, Sep 1993.

DiveBone

E. Frécon, C. Greenhalgh, and M. Stenius, "The DiveBone-An Application-Level Network Architecture for Internet-Based CVEs", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 1999, pp. 58-65.

HLA

IEEE Std 1516.1-2000 (2001). IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation (M&S) High Level Architecture (HLA) – Federate Interface Specification. The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

MASSIVE

J. Purbrick, and C. Greenhalgh, "An Extensible Event-Based Infrastructure for Networked Virtual Worlds", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 12, No. 1, February 2003, pp.68-84.

J. Purbrick and C Greenhalgh, "Extending Locales: Awareness Management in MASSIVE-3", submission to VR2000, Sep 2000.

C. Greenhalgh, J. Purbrick, and D. Snowdon, "Inside MASSIVE-3: Flexible Support for Data Consistency and World Structuring," ACM Conference on CVE2000, San Francisco USA, Septempber 2000, pp.119-127.

Greenhalgh, C. M. and Benford, S. D., Supporting Rich And Dynamic Communication In Large Scale Collaborative Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 1999, pp. 14-35, MIT Press.

Steve Benford, Chris Greenhalgh, Gail Reynard, Chris Brown and Boriana Koleva, "Understanding and Constructing Shared Spaces with Mixed Reality Boundaries", to appear in ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction (TOCHI), 1999.

I. Vaghi, C. Greenhalgh, and S. Benford, "Coping with Inconsistency due to Network Delays in Collaborative Virtual Environments, VRST'99, London, December 1999, ACM Press.

Greenhalgh, C.M., "Awareness Management in the MASSIVE Systems", Distributed Systems Engineering, Vol 5, No 3, September 1998, pp. 129-137, IOP Publishing.

Chris Greenhalgh, "Large Scale Collaborative Virtual Environments", to be published spring 1999, London: Springer-Verlag - as a winner of the CPHC/BCS Distinguished Dissertations in Computer Science competition, 1998.

C M Greenhalgh and S D Benford ,"Boundaries, Awareness and Interaction in Collaborative Virtual Environments", in the proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET-ICE), 18-20 June 1997, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

S. Benford and C.Greenhalgh, "Introducing Third Party Objects into the Spatial Model of Interaction", to be presented at the Fifth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW'97), Lancaster, 8-10 September, 1997.

S.D. Benford, C.M. Greenhalgh and D. Lloyd, "Crowded Collaborative Virtual Environments", in Proc. CHI'97, Atlanta, Georgia, US, March 22-27, 1997.

C. Greenhalgh and S. Benford, "MASSIVE: a collaborative virtual environment for teleconferencing", ACM Trans. CHI, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 239-261, Sep 1995

C.M. Greenhalgh and S.D. Benford, "Virtual Reality Teleconferencing: Implementation and Experience", Proc. ECSCW'95, Stockholm, September, 1995, North-Holland.

Benford, S. D., Fahlen, L. E. & Bowers, J. M. (1994), "Managing Mutual Awareness in Collaborative Virtual Environments", In Singh, G., Feiner, S.K., Thalmann, D.(eds.) Proc. ACM SIGCHI Symposium on virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST'94), August 23-26th 1994, singapore, pp. 223-236, World Scientific: Singapore.

Greenhalgh, C., "An experimental implementation of the spatial model", .In Pehrson, B., Skarback, E. (eds.) Proc. 6th ERCIM workshops, Stockholm, June 1-3, 1994, pp. 53-71.

Steve Benford, "A Distributed Architecture for Large Collaborative Virtual Environments", Distributed Virtual Reality, IEE Colloquium on Published : 1993 page(s): 9/1 - 9/7

S.D. Benford and L.E. Fahlen, "A Spatial Model of Interaction in Virtual Environments",  in Proc. ECSCW'93, Milano, Italy, September 1993.

Steve Benford and Lennart Fahlen, "A Spatial Model of Interaction in Large Virtual Environments", to appear in Proc. Third European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW'93), Milan, September 1993 (currently available via the authors).

Steve Benford, Adrain Bullock, Neil Cook, Paul Harvey, Rob Ingram and Ok-Ki Lee, "A Spatial Model of Cooperation for Virtual Worlds," in Proc. Interface to Real & Virtual Worlds (Informatique'93), Montpellier, March 1993.

MiMaze

L. Gautier, C. Diot, and J. Kurose, "End-to-end transmission control mechanisms for multiparty interactive applications on the Internet", IEEE INFOCOM'99, Volume 3, 1999, pp. 1470-1497.

C. Diot, and L. Gautier, "A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the Internet", IEEE Network, Volume 3, Issue 4, July-Aug, 1999, pp. 6-15.

B.N. Levine, J. Crowcroft, and C. Diot, "Consideration of receiver interest for IP multicast delivery", IEEE INFOCOM 2000, Volume: 2, 2000, pp.470-479.

MR ToolKit

C. Shaw et al, "Decoupled simulation in virtual reality with MR Toolkit", ACM Trans. Info Systems, Vol 11, No.3, pp. 287-317, 1993

NetEffect

Tapas K. Das, Gurminder Singh, Alex Mitchell, P Senthil Kumar, and Kevin McGee,
"Developing Social Virtual World using NetEffect", WET-ICE'97, June 1997, pp.148-154.

T. Das, G. Singh, A. MItchell, P. Kurnar, and K. McGee, "NetEffect: A Network Architecture for Large-Scale Multi-User Virtual Worlds", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, September 1997, pp.157-163.

NPSNET

Capps, M., McGregor, D., Brutzman, D., & Zyda, M., "NPSNET-V: A new beginning for dynamically extensible virtual environments", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (Sep./Oct.), 2000, pp.12-15.

Zyda, M.,Brutzman, D., Darken, R., McGhee, R., Falby, J., Bachmann, E.,Watsen, K., Kavanagh, B. & Storms, R., "NPSNET - Large-Scale Virtual Environment Technology Testbed", Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence, Tokyo, Japan, 3 - 5 December 1997, pp.18-26.

Macedonia, Michael R., Zyda, Michael J., Pratt, David R., Barham, Paul T.and Zeswitz, Steven, "NPSNET: A Network Software Architecture for Large Scale Virtual Environments",
Presence, Vol. 3, No. 4, Fall 1994, pp.265-287.

P. and Barham, Paul T., "Exploiting Reality with Multicast Groups", IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications (revised from appearance in the VRAIS '95 Proceedings), September 1995, pp.38-45.

PaRADE

D. Roberts, and P. Sharkey, "Maximising Concurrency and Scalability in a Consistent, Causal, Distributed Virtual Reality System, Whilst Minimising the Effect of Network Delays," IEEE 6th Workshops on Enabling Technology: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprise (WET-ICE), Cambridge, MA USA, 18-20 June 1997, pp.161-166.

PARADISE

S.K. Singhal and D.R. Cheriton, "Using Projection Aggregations to Support Scalability in Distributed Simulation", in Proc. 1996 International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'96), IEEE Computer Society, Hong Kong, May 1996, pp. 196-206.

PARSEC

Andreas Varga, "PARSEC: Building the networking architecture for a distributed virtual universe", CESCG'99, Budmerice, Slovakia, April 26-27, 1999.

QuICK

M.V. Capps, "The QUICK framework for task-specific asset prioritization in distributed virtual environments," IEEE Virtual Reality, New Brunswick, NJ USA, 18-22 March 2000, pp.143-150.

RING

Thomas A. Funkhouser, "Network Topologies for Scalable Multi-User Virtual Environments",
IEEE VRAIS'96, San Jose, CA, April, 1996.

Thomas A. Funkhouser, "RING: A Client-Server System for Multi-User Virtual Environments", Computer Graphics (1995 SIGGRAPH Symposium on interactive 3D Graphics), Monterey, CA, April, 1995, p.85-92.

Thomas A. Funkhouser, "Network Services for Multi-User Virtual Environments", IEEE Network Realities '95, Boston, MA, October, 1995.

SCORE

E. Léty, T. Turletti, and F. Baccelli, "SCORE: A Scalable Communication Protocol for Large-Scale Virtual Environments", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 12, No. 2, April 2004, pp.247-260.

E. Léty, T. Turletti, and F. Baccelli, "Cell-based multicast grouping in large-scale virtual environments", Tech. Rep. No.3729 INRIA, July 1999.

SIMNET

D. Miller and J. Thorpe, "SIMNET: the advent of simulator networking", Proceedings of IEEE, vol.83, No.8, pp. 1114-1123, August 1995

SPLINE

J.W. Barrus, R.C. Waters, and D.B. Anderson, "Locales: Supporting Large Multiuser Virtual Environments", in IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, November 1996, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 50-57

R. Waters, et al, Diamond Park and Spline, MERL TR-96-02a

Switchboard Architecture

H. trefftz, I. Marsic, and M. Zyda, "Handling Heterogeneity in Networked Virtual Environments", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 12, No. 1, February 2003, pp.37-51.

Three-tiered architecture

H. Abrams, K. Watsen, and M. Zyda, "Three Tiered Interest Management for Large-Scale Virtual Environments", VRST'98, Taipei, November 1998.

VELVET

J. Oliveira, and N. Georganas, "VELVET: An Adaptive Hybrid Architecture for Very Large Virtual Environments", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 12, No. 6, December 2003, pp.555-580.

Virtual Playground

P. Schwartz, L. Bricker, B. Campbell, T. Furness, K. Inkpen, L. Matheson, N. Nakamura,
L. Shen, S. Tanney, and S. Yeh, "Virtual Playground: Architectures for a Shared Virtual
World", ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology '98, Taipei, Taiwan,
November 2-5, 1998, pp. 43-50.

WAVE

Olof Hagsand, Rodger Lea, Marten Stenius, "Using Spatial TEchniques to Decrease Message Passing in a Distributed VE System", VRML 97, Monterey CA USA

R. Lea, Y. Honda, K. Matsuda, O. Hagsand, M. Stenius, "Issues in the design of a scalable shared virtual environment for the internet", HICSS-30, Hawaii, Jan, 1997

WAVES

R. Kazman, "Load Balancing, Latency Management and Separation of Concerns in a Distributed Virtual World", Parallel Computations - Paradigms and Applications, A. Zomaya (ed.), Champman & Hall, 1995, pp. 480-497.

R. Kazman, "Making WAVES: On the Design of Architectures for Low-end Distributed Virtual Environments", Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, Seattle, WA, September 1993, p.443-449.

DEVA3

S. Pettifer, J. Cook, J. Marsh, and A. West, "DEVA3: architecture for a large-scale distributed virtual reality system", Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Seoul, Korea, 22-25 October 2000, pp.33-40.

Technical Report/Memo

성운재, 심재한, 원광연, "다중 참여자 네트웍 가상현실 시스템을 위한 복수 멀티케스트 통신 구조", 한국 시뮬레이션학회 논문지 7권 1호, pp.1-14 1998년 6월

etc.

Oliveira, M., Crowcroft, J., & Slater, M. (2000). Component Framework Infrastructure for Virtual Environments. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Collaborative Virtual Environments, 139-146.

M. Matijasevic, D. Gracanin, K. P. valavanis, and I. Lovrek, "A Framework for Multiuser Distributed Virtual Environments," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part B: Cybernetics, Vol.32, No.4, August 2002, pp.416-429.

aaron K. Pulkka, "Spatial Culling of Interpersonal Communication within Large-Scale Multi-User Virtual Environments", Unpublished Masters these. Seattle, WA: University of Washington.

N. Farcet, and P. Torguet, "Space-Scale Structure for Information Rejection in Large-scale Distributed Virtual Envrionments", VRAIS'98, 1998, pp. 276-283.

A. Gerodolle, F. Tran, and L. Carcia-Banuelos, "A middleware approach to building large-scale open shared virtual worlds", Technology of Object-Oriented Languages, 2000, pp. 169-180.

D. Welch, "Building self-reconfiguring distributed systems using compensating reconfiguration," Configurable Distributed Systems, 1998, pp. 18-25

Benford, D. D., Bullock, A. N., Cook, N. L. Harvey, P., Ingram, R. J. & Lee, O., "From Rooms to Cyberspace: Models of Interaction in Large Virtual Computer Spaces", Interacting With Computers, 5 (2), pp 217-237, Butterworth-Heinmann, 1993.

Michael Potmesil and Thomas A. Funkhouser, "Placing WWW Links into 2D and 3D Spatial Models", World wide Web TIES Conference, Basking Ridge, NJ, April, 1995

Related to Interest management

D. Ding and M. Zhu, "A model of dynamic interest management: interaction analysis in collaborative virtual environment", Proceedings of the ACM symposium on virtual reality software and technology, Osaka, Japan, 1-3 October 2003, pp.223-230.

A. Steed and R. Abou-Haidar, "Partitioning crowded virtual environments", Proceedings of the ACM symposium on virtual reality software and technology, Osaka, Japan, 1-3 October 2003, pp.7-14.

C. Liu, C. Wen, and H. Chen, "Tracking-needless gropuing: an efficient and scalable grouping scheme in networked virtual environments", Proceedings of the First IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, Las Vegas Nevada, USA, 5-8 January 2004, pp.477-482.

A. Steed and C. Angus, "Frontier sets: A Partitioning Scheme to Enable Scalable Virtual Environments", Proceedings of EUROGRAPHICS 2004, Grenoble, France, August 30th - September 3rd, 2004.

Related to data replication (geometry data)

M. Deering, "Geometry Compression", Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, 1995, pp.13-20.

M. Levoy, "Polygon-Assisted JPEG and MPEG Compression of Synthetic Images", Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, 1995, pp. 21-28.

Related to latency understanding

B. Conner, and L. Holden, "Providing a Low Latency User Experience in a High Latency Application", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 1997, pp.45-48.

M. Fraser, T. Glover, I. Vaghi, S. Benford, C. Greenhalgh, J. Hindmarsh, and C. Heath, "Revealing the Realities of Collaborative Virtual Reality", Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Collaborative Virtual Environments, 2000, pp.29-37.

Related to peer-to-peer support

Y. Kawahara, T. Aoyama, and H. Morikawa, "A Peer-to-Peer Message Exchange Scheme for Large-Scale Networked Virtual Environments," Telecommunication Systems, Vol.25, No.3-4, March 2004, pp. 353-370.

Y. Kawahara, H. Morikawa, and T. Aoyama, "A Peer-to-Peer Message Exchange Scheme for Large-Scale Networked Virtual Environments," Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS 2002), Singapore, 25-28 November 2002, pp. 957-961.

B. Knutsson, H. Lu, W. Xu, and B. Hopkins, "Peer-to-peer support for massively multiplayer games," INFOCOM2004, Hongkong, China, 7-11 March 2004.

S. Hu, and G. Liao, "Scalable Peer-to-Peer Networked Virtual Environment", Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2004 workshop on NetGames ’04: Network and system support for games, 2004, pp.129-133.

T. Limura, H. Hazeyama, and Y. Kadobayashi, "Zoned Federation of Game Servers: a Peer-to-peer Approach to Scalable Multi-player Online Games," ACM SIGCOMM 2004 workshop on NetGames '04: Network and system support for games, Portland, Oregon USA, August 30-September 3, 2004, pp.116-120.

Related to IP multicast

C. Diot, B. Levine, B. Lyles, H. Kassem, and D. Balensiefen, "Deployment Issues for the IP Multicast Service and Architecture", IEEE Network, 14(1), 2000, pp.78-88.

Related to Web Servers

V. Cardellini, M. Colajanni, and P. Yu, "Geographic load balancing for scalable distributed Web systems", Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, 2000, pp.20-27.

V. Cardellini, M. Colajanni, and P. Yu, "Dynamic load balancing on Web-server systems", IEEE Internet Computing, May 1999, pp.28-39.

R. Carter and M. Crovella, "Server selection using dynamic path characterization in wide-area networks", IEEE Infocom'97, 1997, pp.1014-1021.

T. Schroeder, S. Goddard, and B. Ramamurthy, "Scalable Web server clustering technologies", IEEE Network, May 2000, pp.38-45.

H. Bryhni, E. Klovning, and O. Kure, "A Comparison of Load Balancing Techniques for Scalable Web Servers", IEEE Network, July/August 2000, pp.58-64.

H. Zhu, T. Yang, Q. Zheng, D. Watson, O. Ibarra, and T. Smith, "Adaptive load sharing for clustered digital library server", Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, 28-31 July, 1998, pp.235-242.

Related to multimedia systems

M. Nelson and M. Linton, "A Highly Available, Scalable ITV System", ACM SIGOPS'95, December 1995, pp. 54-67.

Z. Fu and N. Venkatasubramanian, "Combined Path and Server Selection in Dynamic Multimedia Environments", ACM Multimedia'99, November 1999.

D. Min, E. Choi, D. Lee, and B. Park, "A Load Balancing Algorithm For a Distributed Multimedia Game Server Architecture," IEEE Multimedia Computing and Systems, Volume 2, 1999, pp. 882-886.

C. Low, H. Yu, J. Ng, Q. Lin, and Y. Atif, "An Efficient Algorithm for the Video Server Selection Problem", IEEE GLOBECOM'00, Volume 3, 2000, pp. 1329-1333.

Related to GRID

(Butterfly Grid)
- Butterfly.net: Powering Next-Generation Gaming with Computing On-Demand, An IDC e-business Case Study.
- Technical Solution Guide, Digital Media: Massively Multiplayer Online Gaming (MMOG).
Available: http://www.butterfly.net

I. Foster, C. Kesselman, J. Nick, and S. Tuecke, "The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration," Open Grid Service Infrastructure WG, Global Grid Forum, June 22, 2002.

Ian Foster, "Computational Grids," Chapter 2 of The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure, 1999.

I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and S. Tuecke, "The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations," International J. Supercomputer Applications, 15(3), 2001.

I. Foster and B. Toonen, "Load-Balancing Algorithms for Climate Models," IEEE Scalable High-Performance Computing, 1994.

I. Foster and C. Kesselman, "Globus: A Metacomputing Infrastructure Toolkit," Intl J. Supercomputer Applications, 11(2), 1997, pp.115-128.

I. Foster and C. Kesselman, "The Globus Project: A Status Report," IPPS/SPDP'98 Heterogeneous Computing Workshop, 1998, pp.4-18.

K. Czajkowski, I. Foster, N. Karonis, C. Kesselman, S. Martin, W. Smith, S. Tuecke, "A Resource Management Architecture for Metacomputing Systems," IPPS/SPDP'98 Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing, 1998, pp.62-82.

Lee, R. Lindell, K. Nahrstedt, A. Roy, "A Distributed Resource Management Architecture that Supports Advance Reservations and Co-Allocation," Quality of Service, 1999.

S. Brunett, K. Czajkowski, S. Fitzgerald, I. Foster, A. Johnson, C. Kesselman, J. Leigh, and S. Tuecke, "Application Experiences with the Globus Toolkit", Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, 28-31 July 1998, pp.81-88.

Grimshaw, A.S., Ferrari, A.J., Lindahl, G., Holcomb, K., "Metasystems," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 41, No. 11, November 1998.

Grimshaw, A.S. and Wulf, W.A., "The Legion Vision of a Worldwide Virtual Computer," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 40, No. 1, January 1997.

Natrajan, A., Nguyen-Tuong, A., Humphrey, M.A., Herrick, M., Clarke, B.P., Grimshaw, A.S., "The Legion Grid Portal," Grid Computing Environments 2001, Concurrency and Computing: Practice and Experience, 2001.

Related to SF Express project

P. Messina, et al., "Synthetic Forces Express: A New Initiative in Scalable Computing for Military Simulation," Simulation Interoperability Workshop, January 1997.

P. Messina, S. Brunett, D. Davis, T. Gottschalk, D. Curkendall, L. Ekroot, and H. Siegel, "Distributed Interactive Simulation for Synthetic Forces," Heterogeneous Computing Workshop, Geneva Switzerland, April 1997.

S. Brunett and T. Gottschalk, "Large-scale Metacomputing Framework for ModSAF, A Real-time Entity Simulation," Technical Report CACR-152, California Institute of Technology, October 1997.

S. Brunett and T. Gottschalk, "An Architecture for Large ModSAF Simulations using Scalable Parallel Processors," Technical Report CACR-155, California Institute of Technology, December 1997.

S. Brunett and T. Gottschalk, "Scalable ModSAF Simulation with more than 50,000 Vehicles using Multiple Scalable Parallel Processors," Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Spring 1998.

Pervasive Computing

P. Bahl and V. N. Padmanabhan, "RADAR: An In-Building RF-based User Location and Tracking System," IEEE INFOCOM 2000, Israel, March 2000.

R. Gupta, S. Talwar and D. Agrawal, "Jini Home Networking: A Step toward Pervasive Computing," IEEE Computer, August 2002, pp.34-40.

D. Garlan, D. P. Siewiorek, A. Smailagic, and P. Steenkiste, "Project Aura: Toward Distraction-Free Pervasive Computing," IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol.1, No.2, April-June 2002, pp. 22-31.

S. D. Gribble, M. Welsh, R. Behren, E. A. Brewer, D. Culler, N. Borisov, S. Czerwinski, R. Gummadi, J. Hill, A. Joseph, R. H. Katz, Z. M. Mao, S. Ross, and B. Zhao, "The Ninja architecture for robust Internet-scale systems and services," Computer Networks, 2001, pp. 473-497.

M. Fleck, M. Frid, T. Kindberg, E. O'Brien-Strain, R. Rajani, and M. Spasojevic, "From Informing to Remembering: Ubiquitous Systems in Interactive Museums," IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol.1, No.2, April-June 2002, pp. 13-21.

N. Davies, and H. Gellersen, "Beyond Prototypes: Challenges in Deploying Ubiquitous Systems," IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol.1, No.1, January-March 2002, pp. 26-35.

D. Estrin, D. Culler, K. Pister, and G. Sukhatme, "Connecting the Physical World with Pervasive Networks," IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol.1, No.1, January-March 2002, pp. 59-69.

T. Kindberg, and A. Fox, "System Software for Ubiquitous Computing," IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol.1, No.1, January-March 2002, pp. 70-81.